Eating can be complex - despite what other people say. Children of all ages can struggle with eating.

Learning the skills required for independent eating is a complex, and sometimes lengthy business. We often take for granted the idea that eating is natural, easy-to-do and simple. Not being able to get your child to eat can be stressful and upsetting for parents.

Almost all children can go through a stage of so-called picky or fussy eating. Some have serious feeding challenges that require professional help. Take the questionnaire to see if your child might need extra help.

Here are a few tips to help you get started

Make it fun – Mealtimes can be stressful and unpleasant for your child if they are confused about eating. Try to take away any stress – don’t pressure them to eat something they don’t like or are unfamiliar with, allow them to take their time, let them explore their food with their hands – squishing/prodding/stirring - before eating it if they want to.

Know your child’s preferences – most parents will have a good handle of their child’s likes and dislikes when it comes to eating. But think about preferred mealtime routines, favourite places to eat, toys which can come to the dining table with them and keep them company, or model eating. Keeping a diary over a few days or weeks can help. Working out your child’s unique eating preferences can be crucial to successful mealtimes.

Plan ahead – Make sure your child has enough time to eat their meal without feeling pressured. Try not to plan any activities immediately after eating. Think about what kinds of meals will appeal to your child and how you could present it so that it is appealing to them.

Allow choices – Having choices improves confidence and self-esteem, as well as boosting the chances that your child will eat what you offer them.

Support and adapt – Recognise that some eating tasks might need to be tweaked. For example, a specially adapted chair could mean they sit at the table comfortably and easily. Other tools could include special cutlery, a non-slip bowl, or a table mat, with pictures to help guide them. Be patient as they take a while to master all the steps required for independent eating and drinking.

Communication – Use simple, clear language that is is positive and calm. Think about your body language for example don’t stand over your child or do anything that could be interpreted as intimidating. Show your child the food you are giving them. Let them respond in their own time and be prepared to accept ‘No’ for an answer if they don’t want to eat a particular food item. Tune in to their body language, and what it may say about their emotional state.

Reduce noise and distractions – Eating a large meal can require a lot of concentration. Make it easy for your child by eliminating distracting noises and activity. Comparing their eating habits with siblings or other people, even if intended as encouragement, could increase their stress.

Think about providing smaller meals more often - Six to eight smaller meals a day could give a child with a small appetite or attention span time to eat at their own pace and finish their meal. Small servings can also reduce feelings of being overwhelmed, emotionally and physically.

Finger food – Ditch the cutlery if your child has difficulty using them or sitting still (you can always re-introduce them later). Finger food can be safely eaten while moving around, and helps children learn how to coordinate hand to mouth coordination. It also helps with preparing to swallow, and swallowing.

Difficulty swallowing – Some children can have difficulties swallowing food. Consult your doctor and a dietician on appropriate strategies. They will often recommend feeding your child food that has been pureed or minced, or thickened smoothies, before gradually moving on to more solid food, as your child progresses. Modelling the process of successful swallowing - bringing food to your mouth, opening your mouth, chewing thoroughly before swallowing – can help your child master this task. Make sure your child is sitting upright and is able to do so for 20-30 minutes after eating.

Sticky fingers - Don’t sweat the mess. The important thing is for your child to eat a nutritious variety of foods, happily and enthusiastically, no matter how messy it may get.

If you’re still struggling with teaching your child eating skills, and/or are worried their intake of nutritious food and liquid is insufficient to thrive and be healthy, don’t hesitate to consult your GP, paediatrician or a qualified dietician.

For more on this topic, check out other panui from Awhi Nga Matua and IHC Library.